You are viewing the site in preview mode
Skip to main content
|
Characteristics
|
Total
|
Tobacco use (%)a
|
PR (95 % CI)a
|
Adjusted PR (95 % CI)a
|
|---|
|
Total
|
2820
|
24.8
|
-
|
-
|
|
Age groups
|
|
18–24
|
281
|
23.4
|
1.2 (1.1–1.2)
|
1.6 (1.2–2.1)
|
|
25–34
|
762
|
29.1
|
1.5 (1.4–1.5)
|
1.5 (1.2–1.8)
|
|
35–44
|
751
|
24.9
|
1.3 (1.2–1.3)
|
1.1* (0.9–1.4)
|
|
45–54
|
572
|
19.9
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
55–69
|
456
|
20.2
|
1.0 (1.0–1.0)
|
1.0* (0.7–1.3)
|
|
Gender
|
|
Male
|
1074
|
33.6
|
2.5 (2.4–2.5)
|
2.4 (2.0–3.0)
|
|
Female
|
1748
|
13.6
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Highest level of education
|
|
Secondary
|
421
|
26.7
|
1.3 (1.2–1.3)
|
1.2* (1.0–1.4)
|
|
Primary
|
632
|
31.8
|
1.5 (1.5–1.5)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.5)
|
|
No formal schooling
|
1766
|
21.0
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Occupation
|
|
Employed
|
480
|
29.8
|
1.9 (1.8–1.9)
|
0.9* (0.7–1.2)
|
|
Self employed
|
1558
|
26.8
|
1.7 (1.7–1.7)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.6)
|
|
Unpaid/student/homemaker
|
782
|
15.8
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Marital status
|
|
Never married
|
225
|
22.9
|
0.8 (0.8–0.9)
|
0.5 (0.4–0.7)
|
|
Married/co-habiting
|
2278
|
24.8
|
0.9 (0.9–0.9)
|
0.7 (0.6–0.9)
|
|
Separated/widowed/divorced
|
317
|
27.9
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Alcohol use
|
|
Yes
|
1,360
|
32.6
|
1.9 (1.9–1.9)
|
1.8 (1.5–2.0)
|
|
No
|
1,459
|
17.1
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Secondhand smoke exposure
|
|
Yes
|
777
|
32.3
|
1.5 (1.5–1.5)
|
1.2 (1.1–1.3)
|
|
No
|
2045
|
21.5
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Exposure to tobacco warnings
|
|
Yes
|
2201
|
24.1
|
0.9 (0.9–0.9)
|
0.9 (0.7–1.0)
|
|
No
|
619
|
27.81
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Family history of NCDsb
|
|
Yes
|
1247
|
27.1
|
1.2 (1.2–1.2)
|
1.2 (1.1–1.3)
|
|
No
|
1572
|
23.0
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
Physical activityc
|
|
Yes
|
2417
|
26.1
|
Ref
|
Ref
|
|
No
|
402
|
16.4
|
0.6 (0.6–0.7)
|
0.7 (0.6–0.9)
|
- Only significant variables in the multivariate model are shown in table, other variables included in the analysis were history of NCDs, place of residence (rural vs. urban), and advice by health workers
- aWeighted analysis, PR- unadjusted prevalence ratio, NCD- Non-communicable diseases
- bBlood family members (sibling, parent, grandparent, aunt or uncle) been diagnosed with following; diabetes or raised blood sugar, raised blood pressure, stroke, cancer or malignant tumor, raised cholesterol, early heart attack, asthma or chronic lung disease (COPD) or kidney disease
- cWork involves vigorous/moderate-intensity activity that causes large increases in breathing or heart rate
- *Not significant at P-value <0.05
