Current tobacco use and its associated factors among adults in a country with comprehensive ban on tobacco: findings from the nationally representative STEPS survey, Bhutan, 2014

Table 2 Factors associated with current smoked form of tobacco use among adult Bhutanese aged 18–69 years, STEPS Survey, 2014

Characteristics	Total	Current Smokers (%)^a	PR (95 % CI)^a	Adjusted PR (95 % CI)^a
Total	2822	7.4	-	-
Age groups (years)
18–24	281	11.3	3.6 (3.4–3.9)	3.0 (1.5–6.2)
25–34	762	11.7	3.7 (3.5–4.0)	2.9 (1.5–5.5)
35–44	751	4.1	1.3 (1.2–1.4)	1.0* (0.5–2.2)
45–54	572	3.1	ref	Ref
55–69	456	3.7	1.2 (1.0–1.3)	0.5* (0.1–2.1)
Gender
Male	1074	10.8	3.5 (3.3–3.6)	3.3 (2.2–5.0)
Female	1748	3.1	Ref	Ref
Highest level of education
Secondary	421	15.2	3.4 (3.3–3.5)	1.7 (1.3–2.3)
Primary	632	8.4	1.9 (1.8–1.9)	1.0 (0.7–1.3)
No formal schooling	1766	4.5	Ref	Ref
Place of residence
Urban	870	11.1	1.9 (1.9–2.0)	1.7 (1.4–2.2)
Rural	1952	5.8	Ref	Ref
Marital status
Never married	225	11.2	1.9 (1.7–2.0)	0.6 (0.3–1.0)
Married/co-habiting	2278	7.1	1.2 (1.1–1.3)	0.7* (0.5–1.2)
Separated/widowed/divorced	317	6.0	Ref	Ref
Occupation
Employed	480	11.6	3.1 (2.9–3.2)	0.8* (0.6–1.2)
Self employed	1558	7.3	1.9 (1.9–2.0)	1.8 (1.2–2.6)
Unpaid/student/homemaker	782	3.8	Ref	Ref
Alcohol use
Yes	1,360	9.4	1.5 (1.2–1.9)	1.5 (1.2–1.9)
No	1,459	5.5	Ref	Ref
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Yes	777	13.5	1.7 (1.4–2.2)	1.7 (1.4–2.2)
No	2045	4.7	Ref	Ref
Advice by health workers
Yes	1148	6.6	0.8 (0.6–0.9)	0.8 (0.7–0.9)
No	1671	8.0	Ref	Ref
History of NCDs^b
Yes	609	3.5	0.6 (0.4–1.0)	0.5 (0.3–0.9)
No	2210	8.3	Ref	Ref

Only significant variables in the multivariate model are shown in this table; other variables included in the analysis were family history of NCDs, and physical activity
^aWeighted analysis, PR- unadjusted prevalence ratio, NCD- Non-communicable diseases
^bSelf-reported history of raised blood pressure, diabetes, raised total cholesterol, and cardiovascular diseases
*Not significant at P-value <0.05

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